Add Result and catching helpers to env-v3

Context

On top of !2886 (merged)

Fixes #1477 (closed)

bring all exception catching helpers to env v3
use exception catchers to avoid wildcard catching

Manually testing the MR

Checklist

• Document the interface of any function added or modified (see the coding guidelines)
• Document any change to the user interface, including configuration parameters (see node configuration)
• Provide automatic testing (see the testing guide).
• For new features and bug fixes, add an item in the appropriate changelog (docs/protocols/alpha.rst for the protocol and the environment, the Development Version section of CHANGES.md for everything else).
• Select suitable reviewers using the Reviewers field below.

src/lib_protocol_environment/sigs/v3/result.mli

+(*****************************************************************************)
+(*                                                                           *)
+(* Open Source License                                                       *)
+(* Copyright (c) 2020 Nomadic Labs <contact@nomadic-labs.com>                *)
+(*                                                                           *)
+(* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a   *)
+(* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),*)
+(* to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation *)
+(* the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,  *)
+(* and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the     *)
+(* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:      *)
+(*                                                                           *)
+(* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included   *)
+(* in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.                    *)
+(*                                                                           *)
+(* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR*)
+(* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,  *)
+(* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL   *)
+(* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER*)
+(* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING   *)
+(* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER       *)
+(* DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                                                 *)
+(*                                                                           *)
+(*****************************************************************************)
+
+type ('a, 'e) t = ('a, 'e) result = Ok of 'a | Error of 'e (***)
+
+val ok : 'a -> ('a, 'e) result
+
+val ok_s : 'a -> ('a, 'e) result Lwt.t
+
+val error : 'e -> ('a, 'e) result
+
+val error_s : 'e -> ('a, 'e) result Lwt.t
+
+val value : ('a, 'e) result -> default:'a -> 'a
+
+val value_f : ('a, 'e) result -> default:(unit -> 'a) -> 'a
+
+val bind : ('a, 'e) result -> ('a -> ('b, 'e) result) -> ('b, 'e) result
+
+val bind_s :
+  ('a, 'e) result -> ('a -> ('b, 'e) result Lwt.t) -> ('b, 'e) result Lwt.t
+
+val bind_error : ('a, 'e) result -> ('e -> ('a, 'f) result) -> ('a, 'f) result
+
+val bind_error_s :
+  ('a, 'e) result -> ('e -> ('a, 'f) result Lwt.t) -> ('a, 'f) result Lwt.t
+
+val join : (('a, 'e) result, 'e) result -> ('a, 'e) result
+
+val map : ('a -> 'b) -> ('a, 'e) result -> ('b, 'e) result
+
+(* NOTE: [map_e] is [bind] *)
+val map_e : ('a -> ('b, 'e) result) -> ('a, 'e) result -> ('b, 'e) result
+
+val map_s : ('a -> 'b Lwt.t) -> ('a, 'e) result -> ('b, 'e) result Lwt.t
+
+(* NOTE: [map_es] is [bind_s] *)
+val map_es :
+  ('a -> ('b, 'e) result Lwt.t) -> ('a, 'e) result -> ('b, 'e) result Lwt.t
+
+val map_error : ('e -> 'f) -> ('a, 'e) result -> ('a, 'f) result
+
+(* NOTE: [map_error_e] is [bind_error] *)
+val map_error_e : ('e -> ('a, 'f) result) -> ('a, 'e) result -> ('a, 'f) result
+
+val map_error_s : ('e -> 'f Lwt.t) -> ('a, 'e) result -> ('a, 'f) result Lwt.t
+
+(* NOTE: [map_error_es] is [bind_error_s] *)
+val map_error_es :
+  ('e -> ('a, 'f) result Lwt.t) -> ('a, 'e) result -> ('a, 'f) result Lwt.t
+
+val fold : ok:('a -> 'c) -> error:('e -> 'c) -> ('a, 'e) result -> 'c
+
+val iter : ('a -> unit) -> ('a, 'e) result -> unit
+
+val iter_s : ('a -> unit Lwt.t) -> ('a, 'e) result -> unit Lwt.t
+
+val iter_error : ('e -> unit) -> ('a, 'e) result -> unit
+
+val iter_error_s : ('e -> unit Lwt.t) -> ('a, 'e) result -> unit Lwt.t
+
+val is_ok : ('a, 'e) result -> bool
+
+val is_error : ('a, 'e) result -> bool
+
+val equal :
+  ok:('a -> 'a -> bool) ->
+  error:('e -> 'e -> bool) ->
+  ('a, 'e) result ->
+  ('a, 'e) result ->
+  bool
+
+val compare :
+  ok:('a -> 'a -> int) ->
+  error:('e -> 'e -> int) ->
+  ('a, 'e) result ->
+  ('a, 'e) result ->
+  int
+
+val to_option : ('a, 'e) result -> 'a option
+
+val of_option : error:'e -> 'a option -> ('a, 'e) result
+
+val to_list : ('a, 'e) result -> 'a list
+
+val to_seq : ('a, 'e) result -> 'a Stdlib.Seq.t