Backport token logging improvements

What does this MR do and why?

This backports the following merge requests to 16-9-stable-ee to make it easier for admins to monitor token expirations:

• Fix 500 errors during ActionCable connect (!152363 - merged)
• Log token info for GraphQL requests (!148885 - merged)
• Add more log fields in 401 Unauthorized requests (!157277 - merged)

Relates to gitlab-org/release/tasks#11509 (closed).

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• This MR is backporting a bug fix, documentation update, or spec fix, previously merged in the default branch.
• The MR that fixed the bug on the default branch has been deployed to GitLab.com (not applicable for documentation or spec changes).
• This MR has a severity label assigned (if applicable).
• Set the milestone of the merge request to match the target backport branch version.
• This MR has been approved by a maintainer (only one approval is required).
• Ensure the e2e:package-and-test-ee job has either succeeded or been approved by a Software Engineer in Test.

Note to the merge request author and maintainer

If you have questions about the patch release process, please:

• Refer to the patch release runbook for engineers and maintainers for guidance.
• Ask questions on the #releases Slack channel (internal only).