CI: Include the EVM kernel in the debug docker image

Context

Closes #5441 (closed)

To test thoroughly of the EVM kernel, we intend to deploy it automatically on Mondaynet.

In order to simplify the life of our beta tester, we want to include the build artifacts of the EVM kernel in the Docker images produced for the master pipeline. This way, anyone will be able to easily start a rollup node for the EVM rollup, without the need to rely on a data availibility solution like DAC.

This MR does not implement the full “let’s put a kernel in the master docker image”, but rather a first step towards that goal. More precisely, it does build the EVM kernel during the first stage of construction of the image kernel (for amd64 only), similarly to how Tezos binaries are constructed.

Interestingly, it means it does it does include the kernel in the debug variant of the docker images that are produced by the CI.

Manually testing the MR

Checklist

• Document the interface of any function added or modified (see the coding guidelines)
• Document any change to the user interface, including configuration parameters (see node configuration)
• Provide automatic testing (see the testing guide).
• For new features and bug fixes, add an item in the appropriate changelog (docs/protocols/alpha.rst for the protocol and the environment, CHANGES.rst at the root of the repository for everything else).
• Select suitable reviewers using the Reviewers field below.
• Select as Assignee the next person who should take action on that MR