Draft: base images: add runtime build images

What

This MR moves the runtime part of images/packages/debian-deps-build.Dockerfile to the base images, while leaving the build opam dependencies in the packages pipeline.

Why

The goal is to reduce build time for packaging jobs by pre-baking runtime dependencies into base images, while maintaining flexibility for developers to freely change build dependencies without requiring two separate MRs to update the static tags associated with base images.

How

• Runtime dependencies from debian-deps-build.Dockerfile are relocated to base images
• Build-time opam dependencies remain in the packages pipeline
• This separation allows:
  • Faster packaging pipeline execution (runtime deps pre-installed)
  • Developer flexibility to modify build dependencies in single MRs
  • No need for coordinated base image tag updates for build dependency changes

Manually testing the MR

This MR just adds a new base image. Then a second one will enable this image on master, and a third MR will change the packages pipeline to use this image.

So, at the moment, we can just check if the image is correctly built in the base image pipeline associated to this MR.

$docker pull us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/nl-gitlab-runner/registry/tezos/tezos/debian-runtime-build:24.04-abate-runtime-build-base-amd64
$ docker run -it --rm us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/nl-gitlab-runner/registry/tezos/tezos/debian-runtime-build:24.04-abate-runtime-build-base-amd64
root@be0553ac24ac:/# opam --version
2.3.0
root@be0553ac24ac:/# env | grep KISS
KISSCACHE=http://kisscache.kisscache.svc.cluster.local
root@be0553ac24ac:/#