Add persistent storage to Thanos components

Part of #2030 (closed)

2nd point

Persistent storage is desired not only for persiting data, but also to address the ephemeral storage exhaustion which leads to pod evistion and other issues. Described in #2175 (closed) also

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Changing from persistence.enabled: false to true for Thanos components deployed as StetefulSets (ruler, storegateway, receiver) does not work:

thanos 44h False Helm upgrade failed for release thanos/thanos with chart thanos@15.8.0+e8c23ba5762e: failed to replace object: StatefulSet.apps "thanos-receive" is invalid: spec: Forbidden: updates to statefulset spec for fields other than 'replicas', 'ordinals', 'template', 'updateStrategy', 'persistentVolumeClaimRetentionPolicy' and 'minReadySeconds' are forbidden

upgrade.force: true does not fix this as it's equivalent to helm upgrade --force and Kubernetes does not allow modifications to certain immutable fields of a StatefulSet

The MR implements:

1. enable persistence on storegateway and receive
2. add annotation to each StetafulSet containing short hash of persistence of each component
3. add an unit thanos-statefulsets-cleanup Job that checks if the values short hash of persistence matches the existing StatefulSet annotation

• if they match -> leave the StatefulSet/Pods untouched as the existing workload is using the current values settings
• if they differ -> delete the StatefulSet+Pods before the upgrade so they are recreated with the new settings

This Job should run every time as most changes in persistence (storageClass, accessModes, enabled, size) need the cleanup

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Tested by switching from persistence.enabled: false to true and back for all components and changing the size when persistence is enabled

CI configuration

Below you can choose test deployment variants to run in this MR's CI.

Click to open to CI configuration

Legend:

Icon	Meaning	Available values
☁️	Infra Provider	capd, capo, capm3
🚀	Bootstrap Provider	kubeadm (alias kadm), rke2
🐧	Node OS	ubuntu, suse
🛠️	Deployment Options	light-deploy, dev-sources, ha, misc, maxsurge-0, logging
🎬	Pipeline Scenarios	Available scenario list and description

• 🎬 preview ☁️ capd 🚀 kadm 🐧 ubuntu

• 🎬 preview ☁️ capo 🚀 rke2 🐧 suse

• 🎬 preview ☁️ capm3 🚀 rke2 🐧 ubuntu

• ☁️ capd 🚀 kadm 🛠️ light-deploy 🐧 ubuntu

• ☁️ capd 🚀 rke2 🛠️ light-deploy 🐧 suse

• ☁️ capo 🚀 rke2 🐧 suse

• ☁️ capo 🚀 kadm 🐧 ubuntu

• ☁️ capo 🚀 rke2 🎬 rolling-update 🛠️ ha 🐧 ubuntu

• ☁️ capo 🚀 kadm 🎬 wkld-k8s-upgrade 🐧 ubuntu

• ☁️ capo 🚀 rke2 🎬 rolling-update-no-wkld 🛠️ ha 🐧 suse

• ☁️ capo 🚀 rke2 🎬 sylva-upgrade-from-1.3.x 🛠️ ha 🐧 ubuntu

• ☁️ capo 🚀 rke2 🎬 sylva-upgrade-from-1.3.x 🛠️ ha,misc 🐧 ubuntu

• ☁️ capo 🚀 rke2 🛠️ ha,misc 🐧 ubuntu

• ☁️ capm3 🚀 rke2 🐧 suse

• ☁️ capm3 🚀 kadm 🐧 ubuntu

• ☁️ capm3 🚀 kadm 🎬 rolling-update-no-wkld 🛠️ ha,misc 🐧 ubuntu

• ☁️ capm3 🚀 rke2 🎬 wkld-k8s-upgrade 🛠️ ha 🐧 suse

• ☁️ capm3 🚀 kadm 🎬 rolling-update 🛠️ ha 🐧 ubuntu

• ☁️ capm3 🚀 rke2 🎬 sylva-upgrade-from-1.3.x 🛠️ ha 🐧 suse

• ☁️ capm3 🚀 rke2 🛠️ misc,ha 🐧 suse

• ☁️ capm3 🚀 rke2 🎬 sylva-upgrade-from-1.3.x 🛠️ ha,misc 🐧 suse

• ☁️ capm3 🚀 kadm 🎬 rolling-update 🛠️ ha 🐧 suse

• ☁️ capm3 🚀 ck8s 🎬 no-wkld 🛠️ light-deploy,k8s-1.31 🐧 ubuntu

Global config for deployment pipelines

• autorun pipelines
• allow failure on pipelines
• record sylvactl events

Notes:

• Enabling autorun will make deployment pipelines to be run automatically without human interaction
• Disabling allow failure will make deployment pipelines mandatory for pipeline success.
• if both autorun and allow failure are disabled, deployment pipelines will need manual triggering but will be blocking the pipeline

Be aware: after configuration change, pipeline is not triggered automatically. Please run it manually (by clicking the run pipeline button in Pipelines tab) or push new code.