Update dependencies to ensure CI is green

Stan Hurequested to merge
sh-update-deps into main

What does this MR do and why?

This merge request does several things to match the changes in prometheus-client-mmap!255 (merged):

  1. Updates rb_sys to v0.9.128. This fixes build issues with Ruby 4.0 (https://github.com/matsadler/magnus/issues/173) that showed up with the update in ArchLinux to Ruby 4.0 (https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/ruby/gems/gitlab-glfm-markdown/-/jobs/14839087510).
  2. Bumps builder image to 5.60.0. 5.23.0 already updated to Rust 1.93.0 so this update isn't strictly needed, but it's good to keep the versions up-to-date with what we're actually building.
  3. Drops the CentOS 7 CI build. CentOS 7 is no longer built with GitLab, and the builder image is not being updated so we can drop it now.
Edited by Stan Hu

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