Add git-filter-repo

What does this MR do?

Gitaly is in the process of adding the ability to rewrite repository history. To do this, we will use git-filter-repo, built by a prominent contributor to the Git project. The script becomes available as a Git subcommand when it is placed in $PATH.

Install the script to /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin and add patches for all three of its license files.

Related issues

Related to https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/issues/5730

Checklist

See Definition of done.

For anything in this list which will not be completed, please provide a reason in the MR discussion.

Required

• MR title and description are up to date, accurate, and descriptive.
• MR targeting the appropriate branch.
• Latest Merge Result pipeline is green.
• When ready for review, MR is labeled "~workflow::ready for review" per the Distribution MR workflow.

For GitLab team members

If you don't have access to this, the reviewer should trigger these jobs for you during the review process.

• The manual Trigger:ee-package jobs have a green pipeline running against latest commit.
• If config/software or config/patches directories are changed, make sure the build-package-on-all-os job within the Trigger:ee-package downstream pipeline succeeded.

Expected (please provide an explanation if not completing)

• Test plan indicating conditions for success has been posted and passes.
• [-] Documentation created/updated.
• Tests added.
• Integration tests added to GitLab QA.
• Equivalent MR/issue for the GitLab Chart opened.
• Validate potential values for new configuration settings. Formats such as integer 10, duration 10s, URI scheme://user:passwd@host:port may require quotation or other special handling when rendered in a template and written to a configuration file.