Default to PostgreSQL 14 for fresh installations

What does this MR do?

Default to PostgreSQL 14 for fresh installations instead of PostgreSQL 13. No automatic upgrades are performed.

To upgrade to PostgreSQL 14 see: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html#upgrade-packaged-postgresql-server

Changelog: changed

Related issues

Closes #8288 (closed)

Checklist

See Definition of done.

For anything in this list which will not be completed, please provide a reason in the MR discussion.

Required

• MR title and description are up to date, accurate, and descriptive.
• MR targeting the appropriate branch.
• Latest Merge Result pipeline is green.
• When ready for review, MR is labeled "~workflow::ready for review" per the Distribution MR workflow.

For GitLab team members

If you don't have access to this, the reviewer should trigger these jobs for you during the review process.

• The manual Trigger:ee-package jobs have a green pipeline running against latest commit.
• If config/software or config/patches directories are changed, make sure the build-package-on-all-os job within the Trigger:ee-package downstream pipeline succeeded.
• If you are changing anything SSL related, then the Trigger:package:fips manual job within the Trigger:ee-package downstream pipeline must succeed.
• If CI configuration is changed, the branch must be pushed to dev.gitlab.org to confirm regular branch builds aren't broken.

Expected (please provide an explanation if not completing)

• Test plan indicating conditions for success has been posted and passes.
• Documentation created/updated.
  • gitlab!139104 (merged)
• Tests added.
• Integration tests added to GitLab QA.
• Equivalent MR/issue for the GitLab Chart opened.
• Validate potential values for new configuration settings. Formats such as integer 10, duration 10s, URI scheme://user:passwd@host:port may require quotation or other special handling when rendered in a template and written to a configuration file.

Test Plan

1. Fresh install
   • Setup a fresh install
   • Confirm the postgres version is 14 postgres --version
   • Setup another fresh install with postgres['version'] = 13
   • Confirm the postgres version is 13
2. Upgrades
   • Setup a fresh 16.6 install
   • Confirm the default postgres version is 13
   • Upgrade the node to this branch
   • Confirm the postgres version is not upgraded to 14
   • run gitlab-ctl pg-upgrade -V 14
   • Confirm the upgrade passes
   • Downgrade to pg 13 gitlab-ctl revert-pg-upgrade 13