[15.4] Update curl to 7.87.0

What does this MR do?

This backports !6589 (merged) to the 15-4-stable branch, in case we ever release another 15.4 version.

This fixes a regression in 7.86.0 with the no_proxy variable: https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/9822

Related issues

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/release/tasks/-/issues/4817

Checklist

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Expected (please provide an explanation if not completing)

• Test plan indicating conditions for success has been posted and passes
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