Update Code Climate config

What does this MR do and why?

Updates the Code Climate config following https://docs.codeclimate.com/docs/advanced-configuration#analysis-configuration-versions and disable RuboCop which already runs as part of static-analysis.

The job now takes 12 minutes (https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/jobs/1712838845) compared to the current average of 17.4 minutes: https://app.periscopedata.com/app/gitlab/652085/EP---Jobs-Durations?widget=11022449&udv=1005715.

MR acceptance checklist

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• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.