Migrate SAST CI template to rules syntax

What does this MR do?

Transitions SAST template from deprecated only/except to rules syntax

Relates to #36548 (closed)

Integration tests

• Apex: **/.cls gitlab-org/security-products/tests/apex-salesforce@c13b29ed
• Elixir: **/*.ex gitlab-org/security-products/tests/elixir-phoenix@9a460425
• Go Modules: **/*.go gitlab-org/security-products/tests/go-modules@2822af19
• Javascript: **/*.js gitlab-org/security-products/tests/js@29aecf98
• Groovy: **/*.groovy gitlab-org/security-products/tests/java-groovy@06fe407b
• Scala: **/*.scala gitlab-org/security-products/tests/scala-sbt@9224ae1d
• C: **/*.c gitlab-org/security-products/tests/c@28545334
• C++: **/*.cpp gitlab-org/security-products/tests/cplusplus@93eb68e0
• C#: **/*.csproj gitlab-org/security-products/tests/csharp-dotnetcore-multiproject@2ad69f8e
• HTML: gitlab-org/security-products/tests/js@01208cad
• (Frontend) Javascript: gitlab-org/security-products/tests/js@29aecf98
• Java: **/*.java gitlab-org/security-products/tests/java-maven@7730c222
• Rails: ruby && javascript gitlab-org/security-products/tests/ruby-bundler-rails@9b8b60a5
• Ruby (off Rails) gitlab-org/security-products/tests/ruby-bundler@bede9636
• PHP **/*.php gitlab-org/security-products/tests/php-composer@f757d788
• Python **/*.py gitlab-org/security-products/tests/python-pip@b5727713
• Typescript: **/*.ts gitlab-org/security-products/tests/typescript-yarn@c1d74bcb

Screenshots

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers
• Informed Infrastructure department of a default or new setting change, if applicable per definition of done

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team