Remove U2F support from the frontend

What does this MR do and why?

U2F has been superseded by WebAuthn. We remove U2F related code from the frontend.

A follow-up will clean the backend code.

Closes the frontend task in Drop U2F support (#232672 - closed)

Screenshots or screen recordings

We have removed a class in the table of devices. This is to modernise the look and make it more compliant with Pajamas design system.

After

Before

Apart from that and a few updated error messages the rest of UIs should be the same. Example of a modal change:

Before	After

How to set up and validate locally

1. Go to https://gdk.test:3443/-/profile/two_factor_auth and setup a WebAuthn device as a two-factor authentication.
2. Try to sign-in. Everything should work fine.

I have also tested in combination with SAML sign-in and it works well.

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.