Add state to new vulnerability details component

What does this MR do and why?

It renders a finding's state on the new, GraphQL-only version of the vulnerability details component.

NOTE: This component is currently not in use, so the changes have no impact on production.

Screenshots or screen recordings

Screenshots are required for UI changes, and strongly recommended for all other merge requests.

How to set up and validate locally

Numbered steps to set up and validate the change are strongly suggested.

1. Run yarn storybook:start
2. Once storybook is loaded, navigate to http://localhost:9002/?path=/story/ee-security-dashboard-components-shared-vulnerability-details-graphql-index-vue--default&args=state:RESOLVED
3. Verify that the badge renders as-expected

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.

Related to #371722 (closed)