feat(badge): Update styling of text badges

feat(badge): Update styling of text badges

This implements the text-only versions of the latest badge designs. Support for icons will be added in a future version.

See also the GitLab integration MR: gitlab!31646 (merged)

Designs

From https://design.gitlab.com/components/badge#design-specifications:

Screenshots

Sizes

Variants

Hover states

Focus states

Active states

Addresses #481 (closed)