Style text badges

Style text-only variations of badges: https://design.gitlab.com/components/badge#design-specifications

Take into account size and color variations, and ignore the icons for now.

Tasks

• Implement in GitLab UI !1248 (merged)
  • Make old GlBadge available as GlDeprecatedBadge
  • Implement new badge available as GlBadge
• Create integration MR for GitLab gitlab!28356 (closed) gitlab!31646 (merged)
• Create integration MR for Status Page (currently blocked by status-page!78 (merged)) status-page!90 (merged)
• [-] Create integration MR for Customer Portal
  • It turns out the Customer Portal doesn't use GlBadge, so no integration MR is necessary!
• Create epic to migrate GlDeprecatedBadge usage to GlBadge &3280 (closed)
• Open issue under &2964 to tackle slightly-wrong colours (gitlab!28356 (comment 337466265))
  • gitlab#213570 (closed) will address the grays being different between gitlab-ui and GitLab.