Remove broken badge from overview table

What does this MR do?

After merging changes to the landing page, it became apparent that a product badge (https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/documentation/styleguide.html#product-badges) didn't render correctly in the overview table.

A work around might've been to use raw HTML, but on reflection I think the badge would've implied the documentation was only available in Core and above, which isn't true. It's just the features.

So the best solution was to remove the badge.

Related issues

Relates to: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/52304

Author's checklist

• Apply the correct labels and milestone
• Crosslink the document from the higher-level index
• Crosslink the document from other subject-related docs
• Feature moving tiers? Make sure the change is also reflected in features.yml
• Correctly apply the product badges and tiers
• Port the MR to EE (or backport from CE): always recommended, required when the ee-compat-check job fails

Review checklist

• Your team's review (required)
• PM's review (recommended, but not a blocker)
• Technical writer's review (required)
• Merge the EE-MR first, CE-MR afterwards