Remove background job throttling feature

What does this MR do?

What are the relevant issue numbers?

EE counterpart https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/7402

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the merge request performance guidelines
• Conforms to the style guides
• Conforms to the database guides

Closes #51509 (closed)