Publish images with full Ruby version

What does this MR do and why?

In order to use patch Ruby versions in gitlab-org/gitlab, we need to publish the corresponding images.

I also removed the .patched variation as we patch all Ruby versions anyway.

After this MR, we'll no longer publish images with Ruby minor versions (i.e. patch version will always be used). All projects using images that include Ruby should be updated:

• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/triage-ops/-/blob/master/.gitlab-ci.yml#L41: gitlab-org/quality/triage-ops!2831 (merged)
• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/triage-ops/-/blob/master/.gitlab/ci/triage-web.yml#L4: gitlab-org/quality/triage-ops!2831 (merged)
• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/.gitlab-ci.yml#L223: gitlab!154080 (merged)
• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/engineering-productivity-infrastructure/-/blob/main/.gitlab/ci/remote-development.gitlab-ci.yml#L63: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/engineering-productivity-infrastructure/-/merge_requests/776
• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-docs/-/blob/main/.gitlab/ci/build-and-deploy.gitlab-ci.yml#L19: gitlab-docs!4807 (merged)
• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/pipeline-common/-/blob/master/ci/base.gitlab-ci.yml: gitlab-org/quality/pipeline-common!428 (merged)
• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/toolbox/-/blob/master/.gitlab-ci.yml#L1: gitlab-org/quality/toolbox!151 (merged)
• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/customers-gitlab-com/-/blob/main/.gitlab/ci/e2e.gitlab-ci.yml#L85: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/customers-gitlab-com/-/merge_requests/10121
• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-shell/-/blob/main/.gitlab-ci.yml#L22: gitlab-shell!1073 (merged)
• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/ruby/gems/devfile-gem/-/blob/main/.gitlab/ci/gem-release.yml#L4: gitlab-org/ruby/gems/devfile-gem!58 (merged)
• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/engineering-productivity/team/-/blob/main/.gitlab-ci.yml: gitlab-org/quality/engineering-productivity/team!223 (merged)
• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/blob/master/.gitlab-ci.yml#L701: gitlab-org/charts/gitlab!3779 (merged)
• [-] https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/geo-team/geo-ci/-/blob/main/.gitlab/ci/.build-and-test.yml#L199: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/geo-team/geo-ci/-/merge_requests/24 Done as part of !819 (merged).
• [-] https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/gitlab-environment-toolkit-configs/pipeline-common/-/blob/main/.gitlab/ci/gitlab-qa.yml: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/gitlab-environment-toolkit-configs/pipeline-common/-/merge_requests/1 Done as part of !819 (merged).
• [-] https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/ruby/gems/dri/-/blob/master/.gitlab-ci.yml: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/ruby/gems/dri/-/merge_requests/11 Done as part of !819 (merged).
• [-] https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-qa/-/blob/master/.gitlab-ci.yml#L47: gitlab-qa!1325 (merged) Done as part of !819 (merged).
• [-] https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/ruby/gems/gitlab_quality-test_tooling/-/blob/main/.gitlab-ci.yml: gitlab-org/ruby/gems/gitlab_quality-test_tooling!209 (merged) Done as part of !819 (merged).

Checklist

• (If applicable) Add patches if required for upgrading Ruby version in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master/patches/ruby.