Update custom-docker-build's Golang version to 1.22.2 and 1.21.9

What does this MR do and why?

A vulnerability in the Go net/http package requires an update to version 1.22.2. Update the build images to use the new Go version.

Vulnerability #1: GO-2024-2687
    HTTP/2 CONTINUATION flood in net/http
  More info: https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-2687
  Standard library
    Found in: net/http@go1.22.1
    Fixed in: net/http@go1.22.2

Checklist

• (If applicable) Add patches if required for upgrading Ruby version in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master/patches/ruby.

Closes Update project CI images to use Go 1.21.9 (#138 - closed) • Unassigned • 16.11