Update Go from 1.22.7 to 1.23.3

Update Go from 1.22.7 to 1.23.3.

Part of a series:

• Update Go to 1.23.3 (gitlab-org/language-tools/go/linters/goargs!17 - merged)
• 👉 Update Go from 1.22.7 to 1.23.3 (!19 - merged)
• Bump Go compiler version to 1.23.2 (gitlab-org/gitlab-runner!5153 - merged)

Closes Bump golang to 1.23.3 (gitlab-org/gitlab-runner#38274 - closed)