Bump golang to 1.23.3

Steps

1. bump golang in goargs

   example MR:

   • gitlab-org/language-tools/go/linters/goargs!8 (merged)

2. bump golang in runner-linters

   example MR:

   • gitlab-org/ci-cd/runner-tools/runner-linters!7 (merged)

3. bump golang et al in gitlab-runner

   Things we want to bump:

   • the golang version itself
   • the version of the runner-linters image
   • Update GO_FIPS_VERSION_SUFFIX, get the suffix from here
   • Poke some files to force rebuild of images:

     find . -name '*.rebuild' | xargs -r -n1 "$SHELL" -c 'date -u > "$1"' --

   example MRs:

   • !4838 (merged)
   • !3889 (merged)