client-libs: make stand-alone and some clean up

What

tezos/tezos companion: tezos!11805 (merged)

Modifies the client-libs image so that it is no longer based on runtime-build-test-dependencies. Consequently, renames the image from runtime-client-libs to client-libs. Also removes some temporary files in the image.

How

By installing manually the required system dependencies, creating the tezos user and installing nvm.

Why

This reduces image size from 5gb to 400mb and makes the dependency graph of images simpler. After discussion with @martintomazic and verifying in the tezos/tezos CI, we figured out that the kaitai_e2e_test job does not need ocaml/dune or any of that stuff.

This change requires an update in tezos/tezos: tezos!11805 (merged)