Align vsphere-cpi to k8s version

What does this MR do and why?

Deploy the vsphere-cpi chart aligned to the k8s version used.

The idea is to pull the chart from the helm_repo_url https://kubernetes.github.io/cloud-provider-vsphere` built from the cloud-provider-vsphere repo.

The chart versions are aligned with Kubernetes minor versions while the patch version is always kept 0.

Implementation details

The way the vCenter TLS thumbprint has changed in the various chart versions:

• it was not configurable until the 1.26.0
• it was configurable as config.tlsThumbprint until the 1.27.0
• it is set via config.thumbprint from 1.27.0 on.

The implementation takes this into account.

Related reference(s)

Proposed instead of !2210 (closed) that simply updates to the latest version but doesn't take into account the alignment with k8s_version.

Closes #876 (closed)