Bump Fedora, Ubuntu, Debian, and Alpine releases

Update containers registry with newer distribution releases.

• This should not affect older containers. (There is already 6.47 GiB of it).
• Many of them do not build by default because of new compiler warnings and -Werror.
• We can update backends CI for new containers later.
• Tested locally with make images and for some of it with docker-compose run.
• More description in commit messages.