chore(deps): bump backend dependencies, add upgrades and CVE fixes implementation plan

Artyom Kartasovrequested to merge
chore/go-deps-pgxv5-upgrade into master

chore(deps): bump all dependencies (Dependabot consolidation):

  • migrate pgx/v4 to pgx/v5
  • upgrade Go to 1.26
  • align OpenTelemetry at v1.42.0
  • align Docker SDK at v28.5.2
  • migrate golangci-lint to v2
  • fix Go 1.25 net/http 204 response body compatibility, and preallocate slices flagged by linter

Relates to #696

Edited by Maya P

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