Setup Storybook for project and add stories for standalone components

Storybook can be started with yarn storybook.

With ./storybook/preview-body.html and .storybook/style-loader.scss the theming is fixed for testing with stories. This is needed because there is no option to use the angular-material-css-vars-lib from here.

Also create stories for all standalone components.

Furthermore add Storybook tasks/jobs for CI, Yarn and VS Code.

Closes #1153 (closed)