new checking rules on contextual expressions

Motivation and Context

Test:

type t = {one : int}

let main =
  (fun (i : unit) -> let _v = i in
     fun s -> s.one + 1
   : unit -> t -> int)

Description

closes https://gitlab.com/ligolang/ligo/-/issues/1966

Component

• compiler
• website
• webide
• vscode-plugin
• debugger

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Performance improvement (non-breaking change that improves performance)
• None (change with no changelog)

Changelog

Improve typechecker inference across contextual expressions (e.g. let .. in, type .. in, module .. in)

Checklist:

• If a new syntax has been introduced, put a message on slack ligo-lsp
• Changes follow the existing coding style (use dune @fmt to check).
• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / feature).
• Documentation has been updated.
• Changelog description has been added (if appropriate).
• Start titles under ## Changelog section with #### (if appropriate).
• There is no image or uploaded file in changelog
• Examples in changed behaviour have been added to the changelog (for breaking change / feature).