fuzz: Add instructions for corpus creation and first corpus files

Signed-off-by: Jakub Jelen <jjelen@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Schneider <asn@cryptomilk.org>

tests/fuzz/README.md

+# Simple fuzzers for libssh
+
+This directory contains fuzzer programs, that are usable either in
+oss-fuzz infrastructure or suitable for running fuzzing locally or
+even for reproducing crashes with given trace files.
+
+When building with clang, fuzzers are automatically built with address
+sanitizer. With gcc, they are built as they are without instrumentation,
+but they are suitable for debugging.
+
+## Background
+
+Fuzzing ssh protocol is complicated by the way that all the communication
+between client and server is encrypted and authenticated using keys based
+on random data, making it impossible to fuzz the actual underlying protocol
+as every change in the encrypted data causes integrity errors. For that reason,
+libssh needs to implement "none" cipher and MAC as described in RFC 4253
+and these need to be used during fuzzing to be able to accomplish
+reproducibility and for fuzzers to be able to progress behind key exchange.
+
+## Corpus creation
+
+For effective fuzzing, we need to provide corpus of initial (valid) inputs that
+can be used for deriving other inputs. libssh already supports creation of pcap
+files (packet capture), which include all the information we need for fuzzing.
+This file is also created from date before encryption and after decryption so
+it is in plain text as we expect it, but we still need to adjust configuration
+to use none cipher for the key exchange to be plausible.
+
+### Creating packet capture using example libssh client
+
+ * Compile libssh with support for none cipher and pcap:
+
+    cmake -DWITH_INSECURE_NONE=ON -DWITH_PCAP=ON ../
+
+ * Create a configuration file enabling none cipher and mac:
+
+    printf 'Ciphers none\nMACs none' > /tmp/ssh_config
+
+ * Generate test host key:
+
+    ./examples/keygen2 -f /tmp/hostkey -t rsa
+
+ * Run example libssh server:
+
+    ./examples/samplesshd-cb -f /tmp/ssh_config -k /tmp/hostkey -p 22222 127.0.0.1
+
+ * In other terminal, run the example libssh client with pcap enabled (use mypassword for password):
+
+    ./examples/ssh-client -F /tmp/ssh_config -l myuser -P /tmp/ssh.pcap -p 22222 127.0.0.1
+
+ * Kill the server (in the first terminal, press Ctrl+C)
+
+ * Convert the pcap file to raw traces (separate client and server messages) usable by fuzzer:
+
+    tshark -r /tmp/ssh.pcap -T fields -e data -Y "tcp.dstport==22222" | tr -d '\n',':' | xxd -r -ps > /tmp/ssh_server
+    tshark -r /tmp/ssh.pcap -T fields -e data -Y "tcp.dstport!=22222" | tr -d '\n',':' | xxd -r -ps > /tmp/ssh_client
+
+ * Now we should be able to "replay" the sessions in respective fuzzers, getting some more coverage:
+
+    LIBSSH_VERBOSITY=9 ./tests/fuzz/ssh_client_fuzzer /tmp/ssh_client
+    LIBSSH_VERBOSITY=9 ./tests/fuzz/ssh_server_fuzzer /tmp/ssh_server
+
+   (note, that the client fuzzer fails now because of invalid hostkey signature; TODO)
+
+ * Store the appropriately named traces in the fuzers directory:
+
+    cp /tmp/ssh_client tests/fuzz/ssh_client_fuzzer_corpus/$(sha1sum /tmp/ssh_client | cut -d ' ' -f 1)
+    cp /tmp/ssh_server tests/fuzz/ssh_server_fuzzer_corpus/$(sha1sum /tmp/ssh_server | cut -d ' ' -f 1)