CI: Add AVX512-FP16 build tests with GCC 13

Alexander Grundrequested to merge
Flamefire/eigen:avx512FP16-CI into master

Reference issue

Test case to detect issues like #2835 (closed)

What does this implement/fix?

Add a CI job using GCC 13 and EIGEN_TEST_AVX512FP16

Additional information

Building buildsmoketests revealed that AVX512DQ and F16C are required to build the FP16 code or _mm256_insertf64x2 _mm256_cvtps_ph will cause "target specific option mismatch" failures

It might be sufficient to build the smoke tests only but with more processors with AVX512FP16 coming it is likely good to (at least) build all tests.

Edited by Alexander Grund

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