Introduce simulated annealing for modular simulator

This introduces simulated annealing using a new element running at the beginning of each step, and a new option for the reference temperature manager.

Note that in the legacy implementation, only some of the algorithms relying on the reference temperature update their behavior under simulated annealing. Due to the small changes typical for each annealing step and the fact that it is applied every step, this is likely a reasonable choice. Either way, the current change does not attempt to change this situation. In the spirit of the modular simulator introduction, this merely replicates the legacy behavior (and actually emphasizes it due to the well-defined reference temperature update functionality). Discussing the behavior of other algorithms under simulated annealing is beyond the scope of this change, but is discussed at #4087.

Refs #3417