[split off !1533] defer setting priority string

A split-off from !1533 (merged) with the following requested set of changes:

• separation of priority string construction from its application (picked)
• deferred application (picked), and
• documentation updates to the allowlisting API to state that calling them before initializing priority strings is an UB (new, !1533 (merged) overrides it with a different text)

Checklist

• Commits have Signed-off-by: with name/author being identical to the commit author
• Code modified for feature
• Test suite updated with functionality tests
• Test suite updated with negative tests
• Documentation updated / NEWS entry present (for non-trivial changes)
• CI timeout is 2h or higher (see Settings/CICD/General pipelines/Timeout)

Reviewer's checklist:

• Any issues marked for closing are addressed
• There is a test suite reasonably covering new functionality or modifications
• Function naming, parameters, return values, types, etc., are consistent and according to CONTRIBUTION.md
• This feature/change has adequate documentation added
• No obvious mistakes in the code