Automatically insert changelog version to go binary

What does this MR do?

This MR updates the go build job so that it automatically configures the metadata.AnalyzerVersion value from the latest version in the CHANGELOG.md file.

It also moves the go check analyzer version job from the pre-build stage to the test stage, and changes the logic so that it checks the output of the analyzer running inside the Docker container instead of executing the analyzer source code directly. This allows us to have a sanity check on the version for projects that use the go build job of the analyzer.yml as well as for analyzer projects that use a separate build stage in the Dockerfile

What are the relevant issue numbers?

gitlab-org/gitlab#225301 (closed)

Tests

• Test for unconfigured analyzer version with urfave/cli 1.22.4
  • https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium/-/jobs/779029569
• Test for unconfigured analyzer version with urfave/cli 1.22.1
  • https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium/-/jobs/779000799
• Test to ensure analyzer.yml automatically inserts correct version value into metadata.AnalyzerVersion
  • https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium/-/jobs/784849190
• Test for incorrect analyzer version when Dockerfile uses separate binary build stage
  • https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/klar/-/jobs/778986488
• Test for correct analyzer version when Dockerfile uses separate binary build stage
  • https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/klar/-/jobs/778992907

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Tests added for this feature/bug