Use explicit copy --from for multistage build

What does this MR do?

We previously used COPY analyze / instruction to copy from the host directory, relying on the go build CI stage. This does not rely on the previous stage's binary when it should so we should copy explicitly.

What are the relevant issue numbers?

gitlab-org/gitlab#9736 (closed)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• [-] Changelog entry added
• Documentation created/updated for GitLab EE https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/10527
• Documentation created/updated for this project, if necessary
• Documentation reviewed by technical writer or follow-up review issue created
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Job definition updated, if necessary
  • Auto-DevOps template
  • Job definition example
  • CI Templates
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the Go guidelines
• Security reports checked/validated by reviewer