Update dockerignore to speed up build further

What does this MR do?

In !318 (comment 1543175326) it was suggested that we extend the .dockerignore file to match the one in gemnasium. This MR does that.

What are the relevant issue numbers?

N/A

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added
• Documentation created/updated for GitLab EE, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated for this project, if necessary
• Documentation reviewed by technical writer or follow-up review issue created
• Tests updated/added for this feature/bug
• Job definition updated, if necessary
  • Auto-DevOps template
  • Job definition example
  • CI Templates
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the Go guidelines
• Security reports checked/validated by reviewer