Update linux OS packages to latest versions

What does this MR do?

There have been ubuntu OS package updates made available since the base image was released. This MR adds an update layer to this analyzer's Dockerfile.

What are the relevant issue numbers?

• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/release/-/issues/115

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added
• Documentation created/updated for GitLab EE, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated for this project, if necessary
• Documentation reviewed by technical writer or follow-up review issue created
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Job definition updated, if necessary
  • Auto-DevOps template
  • Job definition example
  • CI Templates
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the Go guidelines
• Security reports checked/validated by reviewer