Add support for Java 17 and Gradle 7

What does this MR do?

This MR adds support for Java 17 and adds Gradle v7.3.3 as a pre-installed tool, which is required for Java 17 support.

Many thanks to the following contributors who helped with the implementation:

1. Add support for java 17 from community contributor @gliDom
2. Added java 17 support from community contributor @rpandini_wh
3. Draft: Add support for java 17 from GitLab member @poffey21

What are the relevant issue numbers?

gitlab-org/gitlab#341170 (closed)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added
• Documentation created/updated for GitLab EE, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated for this project, if necessary
• Documentation reviewed by technical writer or follow-up review issue created
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Job definition updated, if necessary
  • Auto-DevOps template
  • Job definition example
  • CI Templates
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the Go guidelines
• Security reports checked/validated by reviewer