Update build and Docker images to ruby 3 [v4.x]

Why is this change being made?

This MR updates the ruby build image to ruby-3.0-alpine_git_build-base, because ruby-2.7-alpine_git_build-base no longer exists now that Remove Ruby 2.7 image (gitlab-org/security-products/dependencies/build-images!11 - merged) has been merged. See this failing pipeline for details:

WARNING: Failed to pull image with policy "always": 
Error response from daemon: manifest for registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/dependencies/build-images/ruby-2.7-alpine_git_build-base:latest not found: manifest unknown: manifest unknown (manager.go:237:0s)
ERROR: Job failed: failed to pull image "registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/dependencies/build-images/ruby-2.7-alpine_git_build-base" with specified policies [always]: Error response from daemon: manifest for registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/dependencies/build-images/ruby-2.7-alpine_git_build-base:latest not found: manifest unknown: manifest unknown (manager.go:237:0s)

This MR also disables the broken distroless and webgoat images for the v4.x branch. See Disable broken webgoat and distroless tests for... (!2852 - merged) for more details.