Update patch release documentation

What does this MR do?

Re-structure patch release documentation:

• Moves the 'patch/process_new.md' to 'patch/patch/engineers.md'. Leaves a link in the former since that URL has been shared broadly.
• Creates a dedicated runbook for release managers and GitLab engineers based on gitlab-com/gl-infra/delivery#2902 (closed) and https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/release/docs/-/blob/master/general/patch/process_new.md
• Adds an overview of the end-to-end process for a patch release
• Adds a section to specify the steps for backporting to older sections.

Related to gitlab-com/gl-infra/delivery#2705 (closed)

assigned to @mayra-cabrera

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@nolith Could you please review ? Thanks!

requested review from @nolith

mentioned in epic gitlab-com/gl-infra&968 (closed)

Setting label groupdelivery based on @mayra-cabrera's group.

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mentioned in epic gitlab-com/gl-infra&170

@mayra-cabrera - I added a few comments as I was reading this through. Where are you planning to provide an overview of the entire patch process?

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requested review from @amyphillips

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mentioned in merge request gitlab-org/gitlab!120539 (merged)

mentioned in merge request gitlab-org/gitlab!120540 (merged)

Setting label(s) Category:Delivery based on groupdelivery.

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mentioned in merge request !588 (merged)

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mentioned in issue gitlab-com/gl-infra/delivery#19118 (closed)

mentioned in merge request gitlab-com/www-gitlab-com!124526 (merged)

resolved all threads

approved this merge request

Thanks @mayra-cabrera LGTM

mentioned in commit f35491a1

merged

mentioned in issue gitlab-com/gl-infra/delivery#2705 (closed)

mentioned in commit gitlab-org/gitlab@141e81b7

mentioned in merge request gitlab-org/gitlab!120757 (merged)

mentioned in commit gitlab-org/gitlab@256537f2

mentioned in issue gitlab-com/gl-infra/delivery#2902 (closed)

mentioned in issue gitlab-com/gl-infra/delivery#19509 (closed)