Add more context to Sentry events when scheduled pipeline fails

Add the following CI variables to Sentry event:

'CI_JOB_NAME'
'CI_JOB_URL'
'TRIAGE_SOURCE_PATH'
'TRIAGE_SOURCE_TYPE'
'TRIAGE_POLICY_FILE'

Action items

• (If applicable) Add documentation to the handbook pages for Triage Operations =>
• (If applicable) Identify the affected groups and how to communicate to them:
  • /cc @person_or_group =>
  • Relevant Slack channels =>
  • Week-in-review

Closes #488 (closed)