Add Ruby regexp program size patch for 3.3 and 3.4 [19.2]

What does this MR do and why?

Backports !9834 (merged) to 19.2. It adds the patch from https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/19020 for Ruby 3.3 and 3.4.

The patch files are identical to the ones on master. The config/software/ruby.rb block sits after thread-scheduler-priority, because the regexp double-free patch from !9789 (merged) is not on this branch.

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• This MR is backporting a bug fix, documentation update, or spec fix, previously merged in the default branch.
• The original MR has been deployed to GitLab.com (not applicable for documentation or spec changes).
• This MR has a severity label assigned (if applicable).

Note to the merge request author and maintainer

If you have questions about the patch release process, please:

• Refer to the patch release runbook for engineers and maintainers for guidance.
• Ask questions on the #releases Slack channel (internal only).