Backport: Ensure postgresql_new is included in GitLab CE

What does this MR do and why?

Ensure postgresql_new is included in GitLab CE. Postgres 17 has been added in !9069 (merged) but is not available in GitLab CE. This MR cherry picks fix !9264 (merged)

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• This MR is backporting a bug fix, documentation update, or spec fix, previously merged in the default branch.
• The original MR has been deployed to GitLab.com (not applicable for documentation or spec changes). - not applicable for .com, as it doesn't use Omnibus PG
• This MR has a severity label assigned (if applicable).

Note to the merge request author and maintainer

If you have questions about the patch release process, please:

• Refer to the patch release runbook for engineers and maintainers for guidance.
• Ask questions on the #releases Slack channel (internal only).