Make GitLab Docker image use Ubuntu 22.04 as a base

What does this MR do?

Use Ubuntu 22.04 as a base for the GitLab Docker image.

Non-AMI auto-deploy pipelines use Ubuntu 20.04.

Related issues

• Related #7409 (closed)
• Related #7802 (closed)

Test plan

• Docker image use Ubuntu 22.04 and runs without issues.
• AMI continues to use Ubuntu 20.04 base AMI and 20.04 package and runs without issues.
• Triggered package builds reach QA stage without issues.
• No build issue with updated version of dind used in pipelines.
• build_package_on_all_os pipeline builds Ubuntu 20.04 images instead of 22.04 images.

Triggered package builds reach QA stage without issues

Checklist

See Definition of done.

For anything in this list which will not be completed, please provide a reason in the MR discussion

Required

• Merge Request Title, and Description are up to date, accurate, and descriptive
• MR targeting the appropriate branch
• MR has a green pipeline on GitLab.com
• Pipeline is green on dev.gitlab.org if the change is touching anything besides documentation or internal cookbooks
• trigger-package has a green pipeline running against latest commit

Expected (please provide an explanation if not completing)

• Test plan indicating conditions for success has been posted and passes
• Documentation created/updated
• Tests added
• Integration tests added to GitLab QA
• Equivalent MR/issue for the GitLab Chart opened

Closes #7409 (closed)