feat: retrieve supported SSH algorithms for FIPS compliance

Using the Go 1.24.5 FIPS compiler with SSH causes a panic because the elliptical curve key exchange algorithms are attempted: https://github.com/golang-fips/go/issues/316.

To fix this, we need to use only FIPS-supported algorithms.

This commit pulls in the changes proposed in https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/crypto/+/550515 for https://github.com/golang/go/issues/64769.

Relates to gitlab-runner#38963 (closed)