Raise on failure by default in wait/retry in QA tests

What does this MR do?

Many cases of flaky tests have been caused by allowing the test to continue even after a precondition isn't satisfied.

This change makes it harder for that to happen by raising an error if the condition of a wait/retry block isn't met.

Part of #39208 (closed)

Closes gitlab-qa#282 (closed)

Depends on !22861 (merged)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

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