Add cross-project `triggered-by:` MVC backend

What does this MR do?

• Add CI YAML configuration option
• Persist CI YAML upstream project configuration to project
• Trigger downstream pipelines when upstream finishes

Note: Initial trigger implementation is in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/9107
CE MR: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/25765

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Related #9045 (closed)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated via this MR
• Documentation reviewed by technical writer or follow-up review issue created
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• N/A Tested in all supported browsers
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the merge request performance guidelines
• Conforms to the style guides
• Conforms to the database guides
• N/A Link to e2e tests MR added if this MR has Requires e2e tests label. See the Test Planning Process.
• EE specific content should be in the top level /ee folder
• For a paid feature, have we considered GitLab.com plans, how it works for groups, and is there a design for promoting it to users who aren't on the correct plan?
• Security reports checked/validated by reviewer