Track failed Service Pings for self-managed instances

What does this MR do and why?

Instead of providing meta information with ServicePing payload as we tried within !75818 (closed), this MR add ability to report errors to Version application.

This way we won't interfere into Sidekiq's retry mechanism. Also all the exceptions will be re-raised after reporting.

Related changes to Version app: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-services/version-gitlab-com/-/merge_requests/647

How to set up and validate locally

the best way to test it locally is to run Version app and ensure the request is being sent.

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.

Related to #345389 (closed)