Update Puma to version 5.5.2

What does this MR do and why?

Related to https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/343937

Our current version of Puma is vulnerable to CVE-2021-41136, which is exploitable only when Puma is behind Apache Traffic Server.

We're moving up from 5.3.1, here are the changelogs for versions that have been published since then

• https://github.com/puma/puma/releases/tag/v5.3.2
• https://github.com/puma/puma/releases/tag/v5.4.0
• https://github.com/puma/puma/releases/tag/v5.5.0
• https://github.com/puma/puma/releases/tag/v5.5.1 (fixes the security issue we're addressing here)
• https://github.com/puma/puma/releases/tag/v5.5.2

It's mostly bugfixes, a performance improvement and a few new features that shouldn't be breaking changes.

Screenshots or screen recordings

These are strongly recommended to assist reviewers and reduce the time to merge your change.

How to set up and validate locally

No specific steps other than running GitLab with Puma

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.