Add ApplicationWorker.with_status for checking job status

Add ApplicationWorker.with_status, which sets the status_expiration field on a Sidekiq job. In a future change, this will be required to check the job's status with Gitlab::SidekiqStatus.

If the worker class defines its own status_expiration, then we use that; otherwise we fall back to Gitlab::SidekiqStatus::DEFAULT_EXPIRATION.

This commit also changes several cases where we assign to a job_id or jid variable to the result of a Sidekiq worker's perform_async method. There are some cases where we don't need that, of course: if we don't actually use the job's ID to check its status then with_status is unnecessary.

For instance, many classes in Gitlab::Geo::LogCursor::Events log a job ID but don't persist it elsewhere to check the status; the pipeline schedules API uses the job ID to check if a worker was scheduled or not.

Part of #343964 (closed).