Move pipeline retry to worker [RUN ALL RSPEC] [RUN AS-IF-FOSS]

What does this MR do?

This makes the Projects::PipelinesController#retry endpoint async by moving the retrial to a background worker. The frontend does not depend on the pipeline being retried after the server responds - instead it just continuously polls for status updates.

Related #20785 (closed)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• I have included a changelog entry, or it's not needed. (Does this MR need a changelog?)
• I have added/updated documentation, or it's not needed. (Is documentation required?)
• I have properly separated EE content from FOSS, or this MR is FOSS only. (Where should EE code go?)
• I have added information for database reviewers in the MR description, or it's not needed. (Does this MR have database related changes?)
• I have self-reviewed this MR per code review guidelines.
• This MR does not harm performance, or I have asked a reviewer to help assess the performance impact. (Merge request performance guidelines)
• I have followed the style guides.