Apply CE feature to EE: Resolve "Show `failure_reason` and improve failed jobs tab in pipeline detail view"

What does this MR do?

Please see https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/19485/ for info.

Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

I didn't cherry-pick the changelog from the CE MR.

I ran bin/changelog here on EE. Is this how it's supposed to be done?

Why was this MR needed?

CE build was failing due to conflict with EE code.

Screenshots (if relevant)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Conform by the code review guidelines
  • Has been reviewed by a UX Designer
  • Has been reviewed by a Frontend maintainer
• EE specific content should be in the top level /ee folder
• Conform by the merge request performance guides
• Conform by the style guides
• If you have multiple commits, please combine them into a few logically organized commits by squashing them
• Internationalization required/considered

What are the relevant issue numbers?

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/44267